What Is a Mechanical Keyboard? How It Works

Mechanical keyboards use a different internal design than standard membrane keyboards, and that difference affects feel, durability, and performance. Understanding how they work (and how they compare to other keyboard types) helps you decide whether one is right for your setup.

Quick Answer: What Is a Mechanical Keyboard?

A mechanical keyboard is a keyboard that uses individual mechanical switches under each key instead of a rubber membrane. Each key has its own spring-based switch that registers input with precise actuation, resulting in more consistent feedback, improved durability, and often a more responsive typing experience compared to membrane keyboards.

How Mechanical Keyboards Work

Every key on a mechanical keyboard contains a self-contained switch module. Inside that module are several parts:

A key stem that moves when pressed
A coiled spring that provides resistance
Upper and lower housing
Two metal contact points that complete the circuit

[MK] Draft: What is a Mechanical Keyboard Credit: Athena Sandrini, Pexels.com

Here are the mechanics:

When you press a key, the stem moves downward and compresses the spring.
As it travels, two metal contacts touch, closing the electrical circuit and signaling the computer.
When you release the key, the spring pushes the stem back up, separating the contacts and resetting the switch.

Modern switches often use a crosspoint contact system that activates at a specific actuation point — typically around 1.5 to 2 millimeters into the press. Full key travel is usually about 4 millimeters.

Because each key has its own switch, force and feedback remain consistent across the board. This differs from membrane keyboards, where a single rubber sheet affects all keys and can lead to less precise response.

Read about mechanical keyboard plate materials in my guide.

Switch Types: Linear, Tactile, Clicky

Mechanical switches generally fall into three primary categories based on how they feel and sound during operation.

Linear switches move smoothly from top to bottom without any tactile interruption or audible click. The force required remains steady throughout the keystroke. A widely recognized example is the Cherry MX Red switch. These switches are favored by users who want uninterrupted motion, particularly in gaming scenarios where rapid, repeated keystrokes are common.
Tactile switches introduce a noticeable bump partway through the press. This bump indicates the actuation point, allowing users to feel exactly when the key registers without pressing it fully to the bottom. Cherry MX Brown switches are a common representative of this type. Many writers and coders appreciate tactile switches because they provide feedback that can improve typing rhythm and reduce unnecessary force.
Clicky switches combine tactile feedback with an audible click at the actuation moment. Inside the switch, a small mechanism produces a sharp sound when the bump is overcome. Cherry MX Blue switches are a well-known example. Clicky switches are often preferred by typists who enjoy both the physical and auditory confirmation of each keystroke.

Different users gravitate toward different switch types:

Gamers frequently prefer linear switches for smooth, rapid input.
Heavy typists may favor tactile or clicky options for feedback and precision.

Ultimately, the ideal switch depends on individual comfort and intended use.

How Do Mechanical Keyboards Differ From Membrane Keyboards?

The differences between mechanical and membrane keyboards affect how they feel, perform, and hold up over time. The table below outlines the key distinctions side by side. You can also check out my comparison guide.

Category	Mechanical Keyboard	Membrane Keyboard
How Keystrokes Register	Individual spring-based switch under each key.	Flexible rubber dome sheet layered over conductive traces; pressing collapses dome to complete circuit.
Construction	Separate mechanical components for every key.	Single rubber membrane layer affects all keys.
Feel	Firm, defined feedback at actuation; may include tactile bump or audible click.	Softer, cushioned, sometimes “spongy” feel.
Durability	Often rated for 50–100+ million keystrokes per switch. Designed for years of heavy use.	Rubber domes wear out over time, leading to inconsistent or unresponsive keys.
Performance	Shorter actuation distances; often supports full n-key rollover and anti-ghosting for accurate multi-key input.	May not reliably detect many simultaneous key presses; adequate for everyday use.
Typing Feedback	Clear actuation point improves consistency and precision.	Less defined feedback; actuation can feel vague.
Noise Level	Can be louder, especially with clicky switches. Quieter linear or silent variants available.	Naturally quieter due to rubber construction.
Cost	Typically more expensive due to materials and switch complexity.	Generally more affordable.
Weight & Build	Often heavier; may include metal backplates and robust housings.	Lighter and slimmer.
Customization	Replaceable keycaps; some models allow hot-swappable switches, lighting, and layout customization.	Limited customization; components usually fixed.

[MK] Draft: What is a Mechanical Keyboard

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Advantages and Disadvantages of a Mechanical Keyboard

Advantages

Long-lasting durability
Consistent, precise feedback
Faster actuation
Advanced rollover support
Extensive customization options

Disadvantages

Higher cost
Potentially louder
Heavier and bulkier
Less portable than slim membrane keyboards

Choosing between the two depends on priorities. Mechanical keyboards favor performance and longevity. Membrane keyboards favor affordability and portability.

Common Uses

Mechanical keyboards excel in situations where speed, reliability, and comfort matter.

Gaming: Competitive players often select mechanical boards for their fast response times and accurate multi-key input detection. Short actuation distances help reduce delay, and consistent feedback supports rapid commands.

Typing and Programming: Writers and developers frequently appreciate the tactile response and steady resistance. Feeling the actuation point can reduce excessive bottoming out, potentially easing finger fatigue during long sessions.

Office Work: In professional settings, mechanical keyboards can enhance productivity through durability and consistent key feel. Adjustable features such as wrist rests or height settings can improve ergonomics. Noise-sensitive environments may require quieter switch types.

Casual Use and Travel: For occasional typing or portable setups, the added cost and weight of mechanical keyboards may not be necessary. Standard membrane or laptop keyboards often meet basic needs at a lower price.

Frequently Asked Questions

Who should buy a mechanical keyboard?

Mechanical keyboards suit individuals who type extensively or require precise input, including gamers, writers, and programmers. Their durability and consistent feedback provide noticeable benefits during prolonged use. Casual users may not experience the same level of advantage.

Are mechanical keyboards worth the cost?

The higher price reflects stronger materials and advanced switch technology. For heavy users, the longevity and improved typing comfort can justify the investment. Light users might prefer more economical options.

Are mechanical keyboards louder than regular keyboards?

Many mechanical switches produce more sound than rubber-dome keys, especially clicky varieties. However, quieter linear or silent switches significantly reduce noise. Sound levels depend largely on switch type and keyboard construction.

How long do mechanical keyboards last?

Most switches are rated for tens of millions of presses. With proper care, a quality mechanical keyboard can remain functional for a decade or longer. Replaceable components can further extend its lifespan.

Which mechanical keyboard switch type is best?

There is no universal answer. Linear switches are popular for gaming due to smooth motion. Tactile switches balance feedback and moderate noise for general use. Clicky switches provide both sound and tactile confirmation for those who enjoy pronounced feedback.

Are mechanical keyboards only for gamers?

It is a common misconception that mechanical keyboards are only for gamers, when in fact many professionals benefit from their precision and durability.